Temperature-controlling system



July 8 1924. 1,500,382 J. E. GANNON ET AL TEMPERATURE CONTROLLING SYSTEM Filed Oct. 19 1922 .IN x255;

EN v2.5 SE

Patented July 8, 1924.

UNITED STATES A 1 ,500,382 PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES E. GANNON AND moN'rAGUE w. WARD, or man, PENNSYLVANIA.

' TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLING SYSTEM.

Application filed October 19, 1922.- Serial No. 595,609.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that JAMES E. GANNoN, a citizen of the, United States, residing at Erie, in the county ofErie and State of Pennsylvania,- and that MONTAGUE W. WARD, a citizen of Great Britain, residing at Erie, in the county of ErieandState of Pennsyl- Y Vania, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in Temperature-Controlling Systems; and they do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and

exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains' to make and use the same, reference being had to. the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, forming part of this specification.

This invention relates to heating systems for buildings and consists in providing electrically heated units which are provided with means for conducting electric current thereto, and placin inthe circuit thermostaticall controlle make-and-break mech anisms y means of which the flow of current is intermittently controlled.

The principal objects ofv this invention are to maintain a constant and uniform temcircuit, and a make-and-break perature Within a room. To devise a simple and effective automatic "control which will be free from arcs, will be positive and safe in its operation. To eliminate all high voltage circuits from the thermostatic controlling apparatus. To provide in such a system automatic safety apparatus to ensure against unforeseen non-operation of the automatic control apparatus.

- The principal features of our invention consists in a main high voltage circuit having therein'a heating unit preferably enclosed in a fluid containing radiator and a make-and-break device which is mechanically maintained in an open position a shunt high voltage circuit having an electro-magnetic device adapted to control the makeand-break device in said main lii h voltage evice mechanically maintained in an open position; and a low voltage circuit having therein "an electro-magnetic device adapted to operate the make-and-break device in said shunt circuit, a thermostatic circuit closing and opening device and an automatic safety cut out device associated with said radiator.

The features of this invention are hereinafter fully described and pointed 'out and the branches B and B.

are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:

The figure is a diagrammatic drawing of our improved system of electric control of heating units.

In this drawing A A indicate the main outside conductors which supply current to the house; B B indicate branches leading into a house, in which cut-out switch C is laced. In these branches fuses d are placed in the usual manner. D D indicate the main inside conductors leading into the several rooms of a house and are connected with These inside conductors are provided with cut-out switches d a? by means of which the current can be cut out of either room as may be desired. We have shown systems for only two rooms but it will be evident that conductor D D can be run from branches BB to as many rooms as may be desired. In the drawing the system at the left of the card is for a room in which more than one radiator will be used, while the'system at the right of the sheet is for a room requiring only one radiator. The system at the right will be described first, viz:

' From the conductors D and D there is a circuit comprising conductors E and E fuses e armature E conductor E and a heating unit within a radiator F Which radiator is preferably filled with water.

The conductor E is connected toacontact post, c,'with which the armature E will contact and close the heating circuit as hereinafter described. For operating the armature E we provide an electro-magnet G of ordinary constructure, from'which a conductor G leads to the conductor E. Another conductor G leading from the opposite end of the magnet G to an armature G which will contact with a contact post g, from which a conductor G leads to the conductor E. 'While we have shown the-c1rcuit controlling the magnet G as connected to the conductors E and E it will be understood that they could be connected to the conductors D and i of said-magnet a conductor J leads to a transformer K of the usual type used for opcrating bell from a light circuit.

From said transformer a conductor J 2 leads to an ordinary, thermostat at L rovided with a contact screw L mounted in a post L in the usual manner, and from this post a conductor J 3 leads to the other terminal of/the safety device F in the radiator F 10 This arrangement provides for a circuit of low voltage through \the thermostat ,L. The armatures E and G8 are provided with springs a and 9 which when the current is cut off, normally hold the armature back against the stops 6 and 9 v In system at the left of the sheet the construction and arrangement of the circuits and apparatus is the same as above described with theexception that the safety devices F in the radiators are connected inseries as follows,'viz: i

The conductor J leads to one terminal of the safety device F in radiator F, and from the other terminal of said safety device a conductor J 4 leads to one of the terminals of the safety device F in the radiator F and from the other terminal of said device the conductor J leads to the part L of the thermostat.

We have found it preferable to, provide each radiator F withground connections 7 which eliminate danger from contacts with said radiators. I

In operation the thermostat screw L is adjusted for the temperature desired, and the switch (1 or d 'is closed. The transformer generates a low voltage current, if the thermostat L is in contact with the screw L, which flows through the safety device F and magnet H, and en'ergizes the same, which operates the armature Gr against the action of the spring 9 and causes-it to contact with the contact post 9 thus closing the, circuitthrough the magnet G which is in turn energized thus operating the armature E against the action of the spring e -and causes it tocontact with the contact post 6, thus closing the circuit through the heating unit within the radiator- 5 F. When the temperature rises to the point desired to be maintained, the thermostatL breaks the contact with the screw L and all other contacts in the system are thereby caused to be broken and remain broken until a drop' 1n temperature causes the thermostat to again close its contact with the screw L.

. By means of the transformer K we are enabled to use a current of low voltage through 'the safety device F and thermostat L and magnet H, which however is suillcient to operate-the armature Gr to make proper contact ivvith its contact post 9'. But for operating the armature E we prefer to employ a highjvoltage current, which will produce a as speedierclosingof the contact between the armature and its contact post e, we also prefer to use a heavier spring e to produce speedier breaking of the contact when the circuit opens. i

If, however, the thermostat fails to oper- To ate, or from any other cause the radiator be- 7 comes too hot, the safety device F breaks the circuit in the conductors J and J which releases all of the armatures to the actions of their springs, andthe current will be out off from the radiator. d e and g and h indicate fuses of usual construction and for the usual purpose for which fuses are employed.

Having thus fully shown and described our invention, and, a suitable arrangement of apparatus for embodyin the same, what we claim as new anddes'ire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a thermostatic control for electric heating device, the combination with the main high voltage electric circuit and heating element connected therewith, a makeand-break device adapted to open and ,close said circuit, a shunt circuit connected to the said main circuit, a make-and-break dc vice in said shunt circuit, and a low voltage circuit, an electromagnetic device in said low voltage circuit adapted to operate the make-and-break device in said shunt circuit, and a thermostatic circuit opening and clos- .ing device in said low voltage circuit.

2. In a thermostatic control for electric heatin devices, the combination with the main e ectric circuit and heating element connected therewith, a make-and-break device adapted to open and close said circuit, mechanical means to normally maintain said make-and-break mechanism in an open position, a shunt circuit connected with said main circuit, electro-magnetic means in said shunt circuit adapted to operate said make, and-break device, and thermostatic circuit opening and closing means adapted to control said electro-magnetic means.

3. In a thermostatic control for electric heating devices, the combination with the main high voltage electric circuit and heating element connected therewith, a makeand-bre'ak device adapted to open and close said circuit, mechanical means to normally maintain said device in an open positionfa shunt circuit connected with said main circuit, an electro-magnetic device in said shunt circuit adapted-to close said make-and-break device, a make-and-break device in said shunt 12o circuit, mechanical means to normally maine tain the same in an open position, a thermostatically controlled low voltage circuit, an

electro-magnetic device in said low voltage circuit adapted to operate said last mentioned make-and-break device to close said shunt circuit, thermally operated automatic safety cut out mechanism in said low voltage circuit adapted to cause all of said makeand-break devices to open their respective circuits, should the heat of said radiators exceed the predetermined point.

4. In a thermostatic control for electric heating device, a main electric circuit and 5 heating element connected therewith, a shunt circuit, magnetically controlled circuit clos-- mi devices in said circuits, a thermostatr ca y controlled circuit to operate said magnetically controlled circuit closin devices, and means adapted to open all 0 said circuits should any of said circuits become inoperative.

, In testimony whereof we afiix our signa 

